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John Jay Chapman
John Jay Chapman (March 2, 1862 – November 4, 1933) was an American author.
==Biography==
He was born in New York City.〔"Retrospections." In ''John Jay Chapman and his Letters'', De Wolfe Howe (ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company, 1937.〕 His father, Henry Grafton Chapman, was a broker who eventually became president of the New York Stock Exchange. His grandmother, Maria Weston Chapman, was one of the leading campaigners against slavery and worked with William Lloyd Garrison on ''The Liberator''.〔"The relationship between Chapman's writings and his family history received more attention at midcentury. Chapman's grandmother was an ardent abolitionist and colleague of William Lloyd Garrison. Her grandson inherited her crusading spirit, but substituted the influence of money in politics for slavery." — Russello, Gerald J. (1999). ("A Hero for the Truth," ) ''The New Criterion'', Vol. 17, p. 74.〕 He was educated at St. Paul's School, Concord and Harvard, and after graduating in 1884, Chapman traveled around Europe before returning to study at the Harvard Law School. He was admitted to the bar in 1888, and practiced law until 1898. Meanwhile he had attracted attention as an essayist of unusual merit. His work is marked by originality and felicity of expression, and the opinion of many critics has placed him in the front rank of the American essayists of his day.〔Hovey, Richard B. (1959). ''John Jay Chapman - An American Mind'', Columbia University Press.〕〔Wilson, Edmund (1976). "John Jay Chapman: The Mute and the Open Strings." In ''The Triple Thinkers'', Farrar, Straus and Giroux.〕
In 1912, on the one year anniversary of the lynching of Zachariah Walker in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, Chapman gave a speech in which he called the lynching "one of the most dreadful crimes in history" and said "our whole people are...involved in the guilt." It was published as ''A Nation's Responsibility''.
He married Minna Timmins in 1889 and they had two children, including future pilot Victor Chapman. Timmins died giving birth to their third child. Chapman later married Elizabeth Astor Winthrop Chanler, second daughter of John Winthrop Chanler and Margaret Astor Ward of the Astor family, and sister of soldier and explorer William A. Chanler. Chapman became involved in politics〔Crawford, Allan Pell (2013). ("The Anti-Alinsky," ) ''The American Conservative'', August 7.〕 and joined the City Reform Club and the Citizens' Union. He lectured on the need for reform and edited the journal ''The Political Nursery'' (1897-1901).〔Stocking, David (1960). "John Jay Chapman and Political Reform," ''American Quarterly'', Vol. 2, No.1, pp. 62-70.〕
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